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                                  IMAYINI



Inkathi yamanje:

Imayini ibaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni yomnotho weningizimu Afrika. Cishe
uhafu wemali lowo owezwa ekuthengiseni kwezinto phesheya kubuya
ekathengisweni kwezimierali*.

Igolide Libaluleke kakhulu eningizimu Afrika. Sivelisa igolide kakhulu
ukundlula wonke umhlaba. Kodwa eminyakeni eyedlule izimayini yegolide
aiyisebenzanga kahle. Isibalo esingange 150 000 zezisebenzi zilahlekelwe
imisebenzi yazo kodwa sisekhona isibalo esingango 700 000 sabantu
abasasebenza ezimayini zegolide.

Amalahle isimbiwa sesibili esibaluleke kakhulu emayini. Sitshenziwa
ekwenzeni ugesi okomsebenzi wohwebo, futhi nasezindlini zethu. lnani
elingange 90 000 abantu basebenza ezimayinini zamaiahle. inigizimu Afrika
ikhiqhiza isansimbi ezinye.

Ezezimayini zingaba nempumelelo emibi emhlabhini nomagangatho wamanzi Kodwa
ukuhiuzwa kwesansimbi kunga ngcolisa umoya ongahamba emonyeni isikhathi
eside.

Imayini yegolide ishiya okuningi kwamatshe nokhu-ngcola koketshezi
okumunqu. Lokhukungcola kubizwa imine dump. Amandamu obumanzi buwga dala
amanzi noma ukungeola kothuli.

NgoFebruary 1994 idamu lasemerrispruit laphuka. Isibhidi sodaha sashelola
sakhukhula idolobha. Abantu abaningi bafa abanye balimala.

Witwatersrand amanzi ngaphansi kwezimayini zegolide kunosawoti. Makugugwa
amanzi eza ugaphozulu. Lamanzi afakhwa esizibene lapho ahwamakhona usawoti
ushiywa ngemuva ngasesizibeni.

Indawo yase eastern Witwatersrand, amanzi angcolile ezimayini zegolide
zinosawoti, aciol, iron nemangenese kuwo. Apompelwa emifulweni eklip,
Eisberg. Lokhu kuika usanoti efuleni eVaal mihlanamalanga.

iAsbestos etholakala enorthern Cape iNingizimu Afrika ithengisa iAsbestos
eningi kwamanye amazwe. iasbestos isisusa somdlavuza wamaphaphu nezifo inye
zamaphaphu. Kwesinye isikhathi lezizifo zithetha iminyaka eyishumi nambili
ukuzikhomba. iUthuli lwe Asbestos lusukela ezimayinini luphephethwa emoyeni
umoya. Amanzi agudla ngasezimanyini zineAsbestos ngaphakathi.

Kusekela ugo 1980's akomsebenzi wohwebo lwe-asbestos yaqaia ukubeka umgomo
obaiulekile. lzisobenzi zaiezizmayini aziphefumuli ngokwengozi yenani
lamaasbestos ngokundialele.

Kune joint ye Safety and Health Programme ephethwa abaphathi nabasebenzi.
Bazama ukugwema udodi ukuthi uthuli lungasaphazi ukungeola. Bazama futhi
ukuvima amanzi ukuthi angalokhu agijima esiteladini. Kodwa umphumela
wempilo wenkathi eyedlule izakuhlala ezisebenzini nasemindenini yabo
isikhathi eside.

Imayini yamalahle ingaba nemiphumela emibi yesibanjalo - sendawo. Lokhu
kungathinta izisebenzi nama iphakathi aseduze. Eziningi izimayini zamalahle
zisondele ngasemfuleni. lacid kwezinye izimayini ingcolisa amanzi
emhiabathini. Ukugeza amaiahie athengiswe igaphesheya kushiya ukungcola
okukhuiu. Lokhu kubekwa endaweni engcoliie yododi.

Izinkampani iezimayini nombuso wesigaba

oNingizimu Afrika izimayini zenzwa izinkampane zangasese. Isamsibi eseningi
zinabanikazi bezinkampani zangasese. Umsebenzi oshibhile usizile ekwenzoni
okomsebenzi wohwebo ucebe kakhulu.

Izinkampani zezimayini zibe nobudlelwane obusongelene nombuso wesigaba Iona
ozimi sele ukuiawuia bona. Ukuhweba kwenyunyana nobesibanjalo sendawo
esinqumbi esahlaba. Bezwa ukuteni lokhu kudale ingozi ezisebenzini
nasesibanjalweni sendawo.

Eminyakeni eyendiuliie izinkampane zegolide zasungula izindiela ezintsha
ekuiawuieni ukuiimala okwenzwe esibanjalweni sendawo izimayini. Baza futhi
ukusebenza ezimayinini nasezimayini zodoti ukugwema ukugcola kwamanzi
nomoya.

Imayini enye nenye kufanele ihianganise isu ngo kuthi kungalawula ukuiimala
kwesibanjalo sendawo lelilisu libizwa ngokuthi I(Environmental Management
Programme Report) fanele siqale ngokuvula imayini futhi lishosholoze
lizeliyovalwa. Umbuso kufanele uvumele leli lisu.

Ienvironmentall Management Programme Report ingcono kunokungabi nesu.
Kodwake izimayini zizibhalalo imimbiko yazo. Ayibhalwanga ngumuntu ozimelo
geqonoma inhlangano. iRegional Director of Mineral and Energy affaris
ingasho ukuthi imayini ethile akunasidingo sokubhala umbiko. lnkinga ethile
nge EMPR ukuthi imayini akunasidingo sokuxoxisana nomphakathi. Futhi, iEMPR
akunasidingo sokubheka ekutheni noma imayini kufanele ivumyelwe ekuqaieni.
IEMPR ibheka ekutheni mphumelamuni imayini enakho esibanjaiweni sendawo.
Engcono ienvironmental impact assesment kufanele yenziwe. Loku kuzokwenza
ukuthi kubhekwe kuthi noma'imayini kufanele ivunyelwe kahlekahle.

Imayini yezinkampani ne Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs benza
ngokugewele ienvironmental impact assessment. Bathibona umphakathi
kuxoxisanwe nawo.

Umgomo wodaba lombuso omusha:

1. Umthetho omusha wesibanjaio sendawo wemineral Act isingcono ukundlula
leziya zikhathi. Kodwa kunzima ukuba nesiqinseko ukuthi imayini
yezinkampani eynza lokho okushiwo ukuthi ikwenze kuEMPRs. Umbuso kufanele
uthole ukuthi kungenziwa kanjani i EMPRs ibengcono futhi kanjani
ukusebenzisa iIEM processes ezimayini. Kufanale futhi babheke Likuthi siphi
isigaba sombuso esivumele IEMPR.

2. Kunezimayini zakudala nezimayini zikadoti lezo ezingaphathwamutntu.
Akunamnthetho othi ubani okufanele abheke ukuthi kungalinyazwa ubunjalo
bendawo.

3. Ilungelo lokuthi umayine izisansimbi ezithile ziphethwe izinkampani
zangasese

noma umuntu munye. Umbuso awukhon! ukuvimba lezizinkampani noma abantu
bamayine. Umbuso into ongayisho ukuthi ukumayina kufanele kuthathe indawo
phansi kwezimiselo ozithile..

4. Ukumayina ikakhuiu kwenzwa izinkampan ezinkulu kakhulu. Umbuso kufanele

ubheke izindle la zamabhizinisi amancane ukusungula ukumayina futhi.
Kodwa-ke umbuso kufanele futhi uthole izindiela zokwenza ukuthi izimayini
ezincane ezilimazi isibanjaio sendawo.

5. Izimayini zikagolide azikahle okwa lzisebenzi zilahiekeiwa imisebenzi
Sidinga

imithetho eqatha ngokuvim isibanjalosendawo. Kodwa kufanel ukuthi.

Lemithetho eqatha akusho ukuthi izisebenzi zizo lahlekelwa imisebenzi.

6. Ngelinye ilanga kuzobe kunganaizisansimbe ezisele izimayinini futhi
izimayini kuzofanele zivalwe. Umbuso kufanele ubheke ukuthi kungenziwa
kanjani ukusiza abamayini ukuthola umsebenzi. Amafektri amasha kufanele
akhiwe ezindaweni lapho izimayini zizovalwa khona.

Ukuncoma

1. Imayini idale ukulima okukhulu kusibanjalo sendawo. Umbuso akufanele
uphe ilungelo lokuthi umayine kwenye nenye yezikampani eziningi kuze kube
isikhathi esingcono sinezindiela ezingcono zokugwema isibenialo sendawo
yeku. IRDP ithi umbuso fanele uphathe amalungelo onke wezisansimbi. Lokho
makwanzeka, ke umbuso angakhona ukulawuia ngiphezulu ekuvimbeleni
isibanjalo sendawo. Bazabano kulawuia okukhulu ugaphezu kempilo yezisebenzi
ugusezimayinini. Ubuso uigeza ugcono ukuthi ubuze emayini uma kwahiukanise
kangcane.

2. Izimayini kuzofanele zivalwe uma kangasenagolide noma amalahie emayini.
Izinkampani zemayini kufanele zikhokhe imali esikwameni esibaluiekile. Lena
imali kafanele isetshenziswe ukulungisa ukulimala okutheni okwenzeka
esibanjalweni sendawo. lngasethshenziswa ukufundisa futhi abasebenzi
abaiahiekeiwa imisebenzi uma izimayini zivalwa. lngasethshenziswa ukwakha
amafektri amasha noma okomsebenzi wohwebo ukwenza imisebenzi ezimayinini.

3. iElA ezimele kufanele yenzwe kuzozonke izimayini. iElA fakenele ibheke
ekutheni kungezwa izimayini zingathinta izimpilo zezisebenzi nomphakathi.
Kuphela emva kokufunda sekwenziwe kufanele iphomende isiphiwe izemayini

4. Idepartment of Environmental affairs and Tourism fanele ihlolisise
ukuthi noma

izimayini zivikele isibanjalo sondawo kahle.

Kufanele futhi bavumele isetifikethi lesi esiphiwe ngenkathi imayini ivalwa
kafanele futhi babe namandla okuvala imayini uma ingavikeli isibanjalo
sendawo kahle.

5. Umbuso fanele ubheke ezimayinini ezindala nezimayini ozingandile kubukwe

ukuthi iyiphi okufanele ibhekwe ukuvimbela ukugcola.

6. Izi kampani zemayini nombuso fanele zithole indlela ekahle ukuvimbela

isibanjalo sendawo ngasezimayinini.

7. Umbuso kufanele uhiome iresponsible Care Programme ezimayinini. Kufanele
basebenzisane nezinkapani zemayini ukusebenzisa umnotho ngcono, ukwehlisa
ukuthi izibi ezingakanani ezivelisiwe, nokuvimbela isibanialo sendawo.

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Okuphakathi
